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Carter Glass (January 4, 1858 – May 28, 1946) was a newspaper publisher and politician from Lynchburg, Virginia. He served many years in Congress as a member of the Democratic Party. As House co-sponsor, he played a central role in the development of the 1913 Glass-Owen Act that created the Federal Reserve System. Glass subsequently served as the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury under President Woodrow Wilson. Later elected to the Senate, he became widely known as co-sponsor of the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933, which enforced the separation of investment banking and commercial banking, and established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). ==Youth, education, early career== Carter Glass was born in Lynchburg, Virginia, the fifth of twelve children. His mother, Augusta Elizabeth (née Christian) Glass, died in 1860, when he was only 2 years old, and his sister Nannie, ten years older, was his surrogate mother. His father, Robert Henry Glass, owned the ''Lynchburg Daily Republican'' newspaper, and was also the postmaster of Lynchburg. The American Civil War (1861–1865) broke out when Glass was 3 years old. His father initially worked to try to help keep Virginia from seceding. However, after the state did so, Robert Henry Glass served, initially, in the Virginia forces in 1861, and then with the Confederate Army, where he was a major on the staff of Brigadier General John B. Floyd, a former Governor of Virginia. Glass's father survived the Civil War, although 18 of his mother's relatives did not. In poverty-stricken Virginia during the post-War period, the young Glass received only a basic education. He became an apprentice printer to his father when he was 13 years old. Although no longer in school, young Glass continued his education through reading. His father kept an extensive library. Among the works he read were those of Plato, Edmund Burke and William Shakespeare. This would stimulate an intellectual interest in Glass which would be lifelong. His formative years as Virginia struggled to resolve a large pre-War debt were to help mold his conservative fiscal thinking, much as it did others of Virginia's political leaders of his era. When Glass was 19 years old, he moved with his father to Petersburg. However, when he failed to obtain a desired job as a newspaper reporter in Petersburg, he returned to Lynchburg, where he went to work for former Confederate General William Mahone's Atlantic, Mississippi and Ohio Railroad (AM&O) at the company headquarters. Glass became a clerk in the auditor's office at the railroad, which was in receivership, from 1877 to 1880. Several years later, under new owners, the railroad was to become the Norfolk and Western (N&W), with headquarters relocated to Roanoke. However, by then, Glass had returned to work in the newspaper industry. At the age of 22, Glass finally became a reporter, a job he had long sought, for the ''Lynchburg News''. He rose to become the newspaper's editor by 1887. The following year, the publisher retired and offered Glass the first option to purchase the business. Desperate to find financial backing, Glass received the unexpected assistance of a relative who loaned Glass enough to make a down payment of $100 on the $13,000 deal, and Glass became an editor and publisher.〔''Current Biography 1941'', pp.321–23〕 Free to publish whatever he wished, Glass wrote bold editorials and encouraged tougher reporting, and the morning paper had increased sales. Soon, Glass was able to acquire the afternoon ''Daily Advance'', to buy out the competing ''Daily Republican'', and to become the only newspaper publisher in Lynchburg. The modern-day ''Lynchburg News and Advance'' is the successor publication to his newspapers. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carter Glass」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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